Academicia Globe: Inderscience Research is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of applied sciences. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal.
THE IMPACT OF GREEN LOANS ON BANK PROFITABILITY
This article examines the importance of green loans issued by banks as one of the important directions of the transition to a green economy in Uzbekistan, the assessment of projects based on indicators related to ecology, climate change, resource scarcity, energy efficiency and security, their importance in ensuring sustainable development, and the problems associated with the compatibility of greenness with the goals of maximizing business profits and leaps in economic growth.
Green credit, ecological credit, environmentally friendly credit, low-carbon credit, sustainable development loans, green banking products, renewable energy loans, ESG financing.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEMS AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN PORT HARCOURT
The study investigated the effect of performance appraisal systems on employee productivity in private organizations in Port Harcourt. The study specifically examined how feedback mechanisms, and performance evaluation methods influence work efficiency, motivation, and overall productivity of employees. Data were collected from service employees in selected private organizations through a desk survey method. Multiple regression models was used to determine the effect of performance appraisal practices on employee productivity. The results revealed that effective performance appraisal criteria had an insignificant effect on employee productivity in private organizations in Port Harcourt, while feedback mechanisms had significant effect of employee productivity. It was recommended that private organizations should strengthen their performance appraisal practices, ensure timely and constructive feedback, and provide adequate training to support employee development. This would enhance productivity, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness in Port Harcourt.
Performance appraisal, employee productivity, private organizations, Port Harcourt.
ELECTRONIC SUPPLY MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
This study examined the relationship between electronic supply management (ESM) and product quality of oil and gas firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. ESM was operationalized through two key dimensions (e-sourcing and e-tendering) while product quality was assessed via product durability, product reliability, and product conformance. The study was grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory as the primary theoretical anchor. A correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised twenty (20) oil and gas firms in Rivers State, from which a census of 120 respondents was drawn. Valid responses totalled 110. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that e-sourcing has a very strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship with product quality (r = 0.844, p < 0.05). Similarly, e-tendering demonstrated a strong positive and significant relationship with product quality (r = 0.742, p < 0.05). The study concludes that electronic supply management practices significantly enhance product quality outcomes in oil and gas firms. It recommends that firms intensify investment in digital supplier identification platforms and transparent online bidding systems to sustain competitive quality standards.
Electronic Supply Management, E-Sourcing, E-Tendering, Product Quality, Dynamic Capability Theory, Oil and Gas Firms, Rivers State.
PROBLEMS OF INCREASING EXPORTS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The article examines current trends in the development of fruit and vegetable exports in the Republic of Uzbekistan and analyzes the main problems and constraints hindering the growth of the sector’s export potential. Particular attention is paid to issues of logistics, product storage, standardization, certification, and diversification of export markets. Based on the analysis, directions for improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable exports and strengthening the country’s food security are proposed.
Export, fruit and vegetable products, agricultural sector, foreign trade, agricultural export, logistics, standardization, competitiveness
PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING FOOD EXPORTS IN UZBEKISTAN THROUGH AGROCLUSTERS
This article examines the prospects for developing food exports in Uzbekistan through the effective formation and expansion of agro-industrial clusters. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, the diversification of export-oriented agricultural production has become one of the strategic priorities of Uzbekistan’s economic policy. The study analyzes the role of agroclusters in increasing production efficiency, improving product quality, ensuring compliance with international standards, and expanding access to foreign markets.
Food exports, agro-industrial clusters, export potential, agricultural modernization, value chain integration, export competitiveness, agro-processing industry, international food markets.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING ISLAMIC FINANCE IN UZBEKISTAN: EVIDENCE, LEGAL PATHWAYS, AND MARKET DESIGN
This article analyzes the adoption of the new Law on the Implementation of Islamic Finance in Uzbekistan and the potential for implementing the Islamic financial system in Uzbekistan through this law. The analysis is based primarily on official data from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the structure of the banking sector, and international Islamic finance indicators. The analysis explores the high latent demand and potential for financial inclusion among the population, the development of a national regulatory framework that includes Sharia-compliant governance and tax incentives, and the potential for developing a sukuk market based on the experience of the existing conventional bond market.
Islamic finance, Uzbekistan financial system, shariah-compliant banking, sukuk market development, financial inclusion, green sukuk, sustainable finance, islamic capital markets, regulatory framework, shariah governance, macroeconomic reforms, banking sector development.
IMPROVING MECHANISMS FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS IN HUMAN CAPITAL BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
This article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in improving mechanisms for attracting investments in human capital and enhancing their effectiveness. The study analyzes theoretical approaches such as the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, emphasizing the strategic importance of human capital in the digital economy. Particular attention is given to the integration of AI technologies including machine learning, predictive analytics, natural language processing, generative AI, big data analytics, and reinforcement learning into human capital management systems. Empirical evidence shows that AI significantly increases the return on investment (ROI), improves workforce productivity, and enhances talent retention.
Human capital, artificial intelligence, investment efficiency, machine learning, digital economy, workforce analytics, big data, Uzbekistan, ROI, labor market, digital skills.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CLUSTERS BASED ON ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
The article develops a methodological approach to assessing the economic efficiency of fruit and vegetable clusters based on economic-mathematical modeling. A system of efficiency indicators is proposed, including production, financial, and export parameters. An econometric model is developed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of key factors on cluster performance. The obtained results can be used in the development of strategies for the agricultural sector and the digitalization of agriculture.
Fruit and vegetable clusters, economic efficiency, economic-mathematical modeling, agricultural economics, export, digitalization.
FERGANA VALLEY CLIMATIC SUITABLE, NEW VARIETIES OF MULBERRY WELD SWORDNGAN GROWTH AND BRUISING OF SEEDLINGS VA STUDY OF LEAF FORMATION
In this scientific work, the issues of propagating promising mulberry varieties by vegetative methods, namely by bud grafting, were studied.
Mulberry tree, vegetative propagation, bud grafting, selection varieties, Yangi Andijon
THE EVOLUTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE UNITED STATES (1991–2025)
This article analyzes the formation, stages of development, and transformation processes of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States of America over the period from 1991 to 2025. The study highlights the main stages of political dialogue between the two states, regional security issues, international law, and the influence of foreign policy priorities. In addition, new formats and prospects of cooperation with the United States within the framework of the foreign policy of the “New Uzbekistan” are examined. Based on an analytical and systematic approach, the current state of Uzbekistan–U.S. relations and future development trends are identified.
Uzbekistan, USA, diplomatic relations, foreign policy, strategic partnership, international law.
THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON FINANCIAL STABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
This study examines the impact of key macroeconomic factors: inflation, real interest rate, and commodity price volatility on financial stability in Uzbekistan during 2013-2024. Financial stability is proxied by the credit-to-GDP ratio, and the analysis applies a multiple linear regression model with heteroskedasticity-robust (HC3) standard errors. Data were sourced from the World Bank, IMF, and the World Bank’s Pink Sheet Commodity Price Data. The results indicate that the real interest rate has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial stability, suggesting that tighter monetary policy enhances credit discipline and risk management. In contrast, inflation and commodity price volatility are statistically insignificant but follow the expected theoretical directions. These findings are consistent with the Central Bank of Uzbekistan’s Financial Stability Report (2024), which highlights that monetary tightening improved banking sector resilience while moderating credit growth. The study concludes that Uzbekistan’s financial stability is mainly influenced by prudent monetary policy and institutional reforms, while external vulnerabilities persist through commodity dependence. It recommends strengthening macroprudential tools, deepening financial markets, and promoting economic diversification to ensure long-term financial stability.
Financial Stability; Real Interest Rate; Inflation; Commodity Price Volatility; Credit-to-GDP Ratio.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN TEXTILE ENTERPRISES
The article provides an econometric analysis of the factors influencing the growth of labor productivity, which is an important basis for achieving economic efficiency of textile enterprises, and identifies rational parameters of enterprise development based on the prospects of these factors.
Textile industry, economic efficiency, economic growth, labor productivity, econometric analysis, multifactor econometric model, correlation-regression analysis.
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH RELATED TO TAX POTENTIAL IN OUR COUNTRY
This article discusses the economic content of tax capacity, the laws of its formation and its strategic role in the tax system. During the study, the factors affecting tax capacity were analyzed and the importance of this indicator in stabilizing state budget revenues was substantiated. Also, ways to ensure the country's economic growth by expanding the tax base and increasing tax collection were considered. The article is intended for specialists interested in improving tax policy and optimizing the tax burden.
Tax capacity, tax system, economic content, tax base, budget revenues, tax policy, fiscal efficiency, optimization of the tax burden, tax revenues, optimization, tax incentives, tax rate.
EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Rapid technology breakthroughs are changing education in the digital age, affecting how students engage with information, how teachers create lessons, and how educational institutions foster academic growth. These days, students may learn at their own pace and in a variety of settings thanks to AI-driven platforms, online and hybrid classrooms, data-enabled evaluation tools, and interactive systems. New frameworks like Education 5.0 highlight learner-centered, technology-enhanced environments where digital proficiency, creativity, and adaptability become critical competencies. However, the growing reliance on digital tools also introduces significant challenges. Disparities in digital access, concerns about data privacy and algorithmic fairness, and the pressure on educators to adapt to rapidly changing technologies create barriers to effective implementation. The rise of artificial intelligence in particular raises questions about academic integrity, quality of feedback, and the ethical role of automated systems in teaching and learning. This article explores how digital technologies are transforming educational processes, shaping student engagement and performance, and influencing the overall structure of modern learning environments. It also considers the solutions needed to address emerging challenges, ensuring that digital education remains inclusive, sustainable, and aligned with the broader goals of human development in an increasingly interconnected world.
Digital education, Artificial intelligence, Online learning, Hybrid learning, Education 5.0, Personalized learning, Adaptive learning, Digital literacy, Academic integrity, Inclusive education
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN KHOREZM REGION
This study is dedicated to a scientific analysis of the regional characteristics of the formation and development of the human capital market in the Khorezm region, as well as an assessment of its impact on economic growth. The research analyzes the structure of labor resources, the ratio of economically active and inactive population, and employment and unemployment levels across districts using statistical and economic analysis methods. The findings indicate that although the Khorezm region possesses sufficient quantitative human capital potential, its qualitative integration into economic activity remains limited. The declining share of the working-age population, territorial disparities in employment, and low economic participation of youth and women highlight the need to improve human capital market development mechanisms. The study proposes a multidimensional economic model illustrating the interconnections between human capital, investments, innovations, and production efficiency in driving economic growth. Based on the results, scientific and practical recommendations are formulated to promote territorially differentiated development of the human capital market, strengthen the alignment between education and labor markets, and modernize the healthcare system from a human capital development perspective.
Human capital, human capital market, labor resources, employment, economic growth, regional development, Khorezm region.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant primary brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum and is most commonly diagnosed in children, although it can also occur in adults. It belongs to the group of embryonal tumors and is characterized by rapid growth and a high tendency to spread through the cerebrospinal fluid. Advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of distinct molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, which has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have contributed to improved survival rates. However, treatment-related complications and long-term neurological outcomes remain major clinical challenges. This paper provides an overview of the biological characteristics, clinical presentation, and current therapeutic strategies for medulloblastoma.
Brain tumor, Medulloblastoma, Cerebellum, Pediatric oncology, Molecular subgroups
EVALUATING CLOUD AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS ADOPTION IN SMART BANKING: EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
This research explores the influence of cloud and distributed systems on the profitability and efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan from 2013 to 2024. On the combined sample of seven leading banks — Xalq Banki, Ipak Yuli Bank, Asaka Bank, Agrobank Invest Finance-Bank ‘Biznesni Rivojlantirish’, Anor bank, the paper describes a quantitative model to relate digital asset intensity (intangibles, right-of-use assets and IT-related investments) with return on assets (ROA). Endogeneity and persistence are accounted for by a dynamic panel estimation using the System GMM approach (Arellano- Bover/Blundell-Bond). [7,8] The findings reveal that intangible assets and right of use (ROU) have a statistically significant positive effect on bank profitability, whereas fixed assets and investment negatively impact bank profitability. The model accounts for 85 % of ROA variation, and it is robust in dynamic GMM estimation. The results also illustrate that cloud-based and virtualized IT infrastructure exert a greater impact on sustainable profitability than traditional physical expansion.
Cloud banking; Distributed systems; Digital assets; System GMM; Smart finance; Uzbekistan; Banking innovation
FEASIBILITY OF A RETAIL CBDC IN UZBEKISTAN: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL BARRIERS AND PROJECTED IMPACT ON MONETARY AGGREGATES
This study analyses the technical and economic feasibility of implementing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)—the "Digital Som"—in Uzbekistan. Using the STEEP framework, we evaluate infrastructural readiness, contrasting the nation's high digital connectivity (94.2% internet penetration in 2025) against the persistence of a significant shadow economy (~35% of GDP). The core of the paper models the "Substitution Effect," projecting how a Digital Som would alter the composition of the Money Supply. We hypothesize that while high smartphone adoption favours feasibility, the Digital Som will primarily substitute Cash-in-Circulation rather than Commercial Bank Deposits, minimizing the risk of financial disintermediation in the short term. The study concludes that the Digital Som’s primary utility lies in fiscal transparency and reducing the "dollarization" of domestic savings.
THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A SUSTAINABILITY RATING BASED ON THE TAX MECHANISM
This article analyzes the theoretical, methodological and methodological foundations of the formation of a sustainability rating based on the tax mechanism. The important role of tax policy and tax administration tools in ensuring economic stability is shown, as well as the importance of the rating system in effectively assessing and regulating the activities of business entities. The work outlines conceptual and methodological approaches to increasing the efficiency of the tax system, strengthening the hidden economy and financial discipline of taxpayers. It also discusses the scientific basis for the use of indicators, assessment criteria and digital technologies in the formation of the rating.
Revenue mechanism, sustainability rating, business entities, tax policy, indicators, taxation, business entity, tax policy, tax administration, digitalization, economic growth, tax revenues, risk analysis, risks, tax incentives, tax rate.
COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND ITS ROLE IN THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC STABILITY
This article examines the role of international financial institutions in economic development, their programs with countries, and their impact on the economy using the example of the government of Uzbekistan. It provides statistical evidence to show how Uzbekistan's cooperation with international financial institutions has facilitated economic stability.
Investment activity, human capital, real sector, Islamic finance, currency and stock market, International Finance Corporation, International Monetary Fund, World Bank.
RETAIL BANKING PROFITABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF FINANCIAL SECTOR TRANSFORMATION
The study investigates the determinants of retail banking performance using econometric methods applied to data from JSB “Turonbank” for the period 2016–2024. The results demonstrate that retail lending is the main driver of profitability, while deposit mobilization and digital transformation variables (remote banking users, card circulation) provide complementary but lagged effects. All estimated models fulfill the Gauss–Markov conditions, confirming the efficiency and reliability of the obtained coefficients. The Random Effects model was found to be the most consistent estimator, and the ARDL specification validated the short-run elasticity and dynamic stability of profit responses to lending growth. This research contributes to the empirical literature on bank profitability in emerging economies by providing micro-level evidence from Uzbekistan’s retail banking sector. The findings have practical implications for credit policy, risk management, and digital finance strategies, offering a methodological foundation for long-term performance forecasting and sustainable financial development.
Retail banking services, FinTech, banking products, mobile banking, plastic card, deposit, bank loans.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS IN INTEGRATION OF ECOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS WITH THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
The article analyzes the effectiveness of financial management mechanisms in the process of integrating ecological innovations with the digital transformation of the national economy. The study examines the role of financial systems emerging on the basis of digital technologies in supporting ecological innovations, in particular, in optimizing resource allocation through green finance, digital investment platforms, ecological tax policy and sustainable investment funds. The results show that the adaptation of financial management to digital transformation increases the efficiency of financing ecological innovations, makes investment flows transparent and serves to ensure sustainable economic growth. Therefore, the integration of ecological innovations with digital transformation is of strategic importance in forming a model of digital-sustainable development of the national economy.
Ecological innovations, digital transformation, financial management, green finance, sustainable development, digital economy.
THE ROLE AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SMALL INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
This study explores the role and economic efficiency of small industrial zones (SIZs) in enhancing regional development in Uzbekistan. Using a mixed-method approach combining statistical analysis and expert assessment, the research identifies how industrial clustering, infrastructural readiness, and investment incentives contribute to sustainable regional growth. The findings show that SIZs act as catalysts for employment generation, diversification of local economies, and spatial industrial decentralization. However, uneven infrastructure, low innovation capacity, and limited access to finance remain key barriers to maximizing their efficiency. Recommendations are proposed to strengthen regional industrial policy and improve the investment climate within SIZs.
Small industrial zones, regional development, investment attractiveness, infrastructure, economic efficiency, Uzbekistan.
ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING COOPERATION RELATIONS BETWEEN REGIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the topic of strengthening cooperation between regional financial institutions and our country. Among the regional financial institutions, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has planned to implement several projects for Uzbekistan in the coming years. One of the major projects is the Uzbekistan railway electrification project, aimed at electrifying approximately 600 kilometers of railway lines in the country. This project will reduce our country's dependence on diesel fuel and increase the efficiency and reliability of the railway system. The total value of the project is 241 million dollars, with the ADB credit amounting to 189 million dollars. The implementation period for this project is set from 2022 to 2027. The main task of such funds is to support an acceptable level of debt in cases of pressure on payment balances and state budgets. The presented topic has been analyzed based on statistical data, and conclusions have been provided.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL SOLUTIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
The article is devoted to analyzing the impact of digital solutions on the stability of Uzbekistan's banking system. It explores institutional and technological aspects of digitalization, and its relationship with key indicators of financial stability—capital adequacy (CAR) and non-performing loans (NPL). Based on reports from the Central Bank, McKinsey, Accenture, and other international organizations, the study conducts an empirical analysis of digital transformations. The conclusion highlights the positive effect of digital solutions on stability, especially in the context of regional digital inequality and regulatory challenges.
Digitalization, stability, banking system, Uzbekistan, CAR, NPL, remote banking services.
PROBLEMS OF TAX COLLECTION THROUGH IMPROVING DIGITALIZATION IN THE TAX SYSTEM BASED ON FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
This scientific article analyzes the issues of increasing the efficiency of tax collection by improving the digitalization of the tax system using foreign experience. The study revealed that the integration of digital technologies into tax administration has led to increased transparency of fiscal management and strengthening of control mechanisms. At the same time, the problems encountered in the process of digitization - such factors as ensuring data security, lack of institutional coordination, and low digital competence of tax officials - are analyzed on a scientific basis. Conceptual proposals for modernizing tax administration and optimizing tax collection processes are developed through a comparative study of the experiences of the United States, China, and South Korea.
Tax system, digitalization, tax administration, tax collection, methodological problems, digital technologies, integration of information systems, artificial intelligence, blockchain, data security, transparency, efficiency of tax revenues.
31-YEAR DYNAMICS OF THE SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PRESCRIPTION OF THE AWARENESS LEVEL OF THE POPULATION REGARDING HYPERTENSIVE CONDITIONS (BY GENERAL AND GENDER CHARACTERISTICS)
The analysis of the literature data on the use of modern organizational technologies for the prevention of hypertension is carried out.
Arterial hypertension, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, organizational technologies, self-monitoring of blood pressure, patient education, hypertension, prevention, scientific basis, screening, territory
AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STRESS AND DYSLIPOPROTEINAEMIC RISK FACTORS IN A POPULATION OF PREGNANT WOMEN (RESULTS OF A THREE-YEAR MONITORING STUDY)
Arterial hypertension (AH) in pregnant women occupies a special place among the pressing issues of modern medicine.
THE ROLE OF MAMUN UNIVERSITY IN THE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KHOREZM REGION
This paper discusses the scientific research related to the evaluation of the impact of the activities of Mamun University on the economy of the region is reflected. According to the results of the research, the total number of students studying at the university (both full-time and part-time courses), the total income of the university, the total number of professors, teachers, supervisors and workers who are employed at the university were found to have a positive effect on the GNP of the region. Also, in the research work, the results of forecasting the total number of university students for the next three-year period were developed. In addition future prospects of the university have been explained and strategies that will play important role in the development of both university and the region’s economy have been developed and discussed.
Economic development, education, Linear trend model, ARIMA model, GNP, Mamun.
THE NEED FOR THE USE OF GREEN ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This article explores the meaning and main aspects of sustainable development and green energy, analyzes renewable sources, and discusses the advantages of green energy and some of the challenges facing the sector. At the end of the work, the main conclusions were formed.
Green energy, sustainable growth, carbon emissions, solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, biomass energy, ocean energy, greenhouse gases.