Academicia Globe: Inderscience Research is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of applied sciences. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
This article highlights the significance of the "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan" in the modernization of the national economy. It analyzes the strategy’s key directions aimed at improving the investment climate, supporting the private sector, and fostering the digital economy. Furthermore, the role of ongoing economic reforms in ensuring sustainable macroeconomic growth is examined.
Development Strategy, New Uzbekistan, economic reforms, investments, foreign direct investment, private sector, small business, digital economy, innovation, agriculture, export potential.
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FACTORS ENHANCING TAX SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This study examines the factors influencing the efficiency of Uzbekistan’s tax system in the context of sustainable development. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and interviews with 300 taxpayers and tax officials, supplemented by secondary data from the State Tax Committee, State Statistics Committee, IMF, World Bank, and OECD reports. The analysis demonstrates that digitalization, administrative reforms, and taxpayer engagement significantly enhance tax revenue collection, reduce informal economic activities, and improve overall fiscal performance. Regional disparities were identified, with urban areas showing higher efficiency than rural regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The study provides evidence-based recommendations to strengthen the tax system, support equitable revenue collection, and contribute to sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan.
Tax system efficiency, sustainable development, digitalization, fiscal policy, Uzbekistan, informal economy.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN TAX RISK ASSESSMENT AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS USE IN THE NATIONAL TAX SYSTEM
This article examines the methodological foundations of tax risk assessment and management in the tax system. The issues of improving tax administration in the digital economy and analyzing taxpayers' activities based on a risk-oriented approach are discussed. The article considers the criteria for identifying tax risks and models for their quantitative assessment, and puts forward proposals to improve the effectiveness of risk management in the tax system of Uzbekistan.
Tax revenues, risk analysis, risks, efficiency, digital platform, methods and tools, advanced information and communication technologies, analysis, optimization, tax incentives, tax rate.
ISSUES OF ENSURING THE PRINCIPLES OF OPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY IN ELECTIONS TO LOCAL REPRESENTATIVE BODIES
This article examines the urgent legal problems of ensuring the principles of openness and transparency in elections to local representative bodies. The primary objective of the research is to analyze the legal conflict between Articles 3 and 33 of the Electoral Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and to institutionalize the participation of non-partisan civil society institutions (NGOs and independent volunteers) as observers in local elections. Using comparative-legal, systematic, and normative analysis methods, the legislation of the United Kingdom, the United States (California), and Poland was studied. As a result, specific legislative proposals were developed for amending the Electoral Code to include NGOs and independent citizens as observers and to introduce a mechanism for their official accreditation. It is concluded that the practical implementation of these legal proposals will strengthen effective public oversight over state governance in the country and raise the socio-legal trust in the electoral system to a high level.
Local representative bodies, electoral law, principles of openness and transparency, public oversight, election observer, civil society, non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs), accreditation, legal conflict.
SECTORAL AND REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF TAX ARREARS IN UZBEKISTAN: STATISTICAL AND FISCAL STABILITY ANALYSIS
This article examines the sectoral and regional concentration of tax arrears in Uzbekistan and its implications for fiscal stability using statistical analysis. The study analyzes the distribution of tax arrears across economic sectors and regions, identifying the degree of concentration and its relationship with fiscal risks. The findings show that the largest share of tax arrears is concentrated in commercial organizations, particularly in the manufacturing and construction sectors, while regionally the highest concentration is observed in Tashkent city, Tashkent region, and Andijan region. The accumulation of tax arrears among large enterprises is identified as a systemic fiscal risk factor that may undermine government revenue stability and increase fiscal vulnerability. The results of the study contribute to the development of analytical insights for improving tax debt management mechanisms, reducing fiscal risks, and strengthening budgetary stability.
Tax arrears, sectoral analysis, regional concentration, fiscal stability, government budget, fiscal risks, tax revenues, economic sectors, regional economy, statistical analysis
DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY OF CAPITAL MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN
The article studies different approaches of scientists on capital market. Moreover, the real state of institutional structure of capital market and its some features in Uzbekistan are analyzed. According to the analysis, relevant conclusions and proposals are given.
Stock, stock exchange, shareholders, stock market, capital, investor, regulation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ESG PRINCIPLES IN THE CORPORATE SECTOR
This article studies the introduction of ESG (environmental, social, governance) principles in the corporate sector, examining the views of various economists and researchers on the characteristics, organizational aspects and impact of ESG principles. The introduction of ESG principles and directions of its application in international practice are analyzed using the example of Honda. Based on the analysis, relevant conclusions and proposals are given.
THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY BRANDING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL TOURISM
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the role of university branding in the development of educational tourism. The study considers university branding as a comprehensive strategic factor associated with the international reputation of higher education institutions, quality of education, research potential, student experience, digital communication, and regional tourism potential. Based on international experience and positive changes taking place in Uzbekistan’s higher education system, the article highlights the importance of university branding in attracting international students, expanding academic mobility, developing the export of educational services, and strengthening the country’s scientific and cultural image. The article also identifies existing challenges, opportunities, and practical recommendations for the development of educational tourism.
Educational tourism, university branding, higher education, international students, academic mobility, export of educational services, international ranking, university image, regional brand, digital communication.
THE ESSENCE AND CURRENT SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN BUSINESS ENTITIES
This article discusses the organization of management accounting in business entities, its application in accounting and significance. The author also developed recommendations for improving management accounting.
Management accounting, budgeting, planning, income, cost, operating budget, cost and income budget, net profit, analysis, financial reporting.
MODERN MECHANISMS FOR INCREASING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF REGIONS
The increasing competition among regions for investment resources necessitates the development and implementation of effective mechanisms aimed at enhancing regional investment attractiveness. This study examines the theoretical and practical aspects of modern approaches used to improve the investment climate of regions. The research analyzes the role of institutional reforms, digital transformation, infrastructure development, innovation ecosystems, public-private partnerships, and special economic zones in attracting domestic and foreign investments. Particular attention is given to the influence of governance quality, business environment conditions, and technological modernization on regional competitiveness. The study employs comparative, analytical, and systematic research methods to identify the most effective mechanisms for increasing investment attractiveness. The findings indicate that the integration of digital technologies, transparent governance systems, and innovation-oriented development strategies significantly contributes to attracting investment flows and ensuring sustainable regional economic growth. The research results may serve as a basis for policymakers and regional authorities in designing strategies aimed at strengthening regional competitiveness and improving investment performance.
Investment attractiveness, regional development, foreign direct investment, regional competitiveness, digital transformation, innovation ecosystem, public-private partnership, special economic zones, investment climate, sustainable economic growth.
ECOLOGICAL - TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE PHYTONEMATODE SPECIES
Carried out in the village "Sholikor" of the Muzrabad district of the Surkhandarya region Research shows that along with phytonematodes belonging to other ecological groups, parasitic phytohelminths are also found in rice fields. Parasitic phytohelminths include Apnelenchoides bessiyi, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Pratylenchus pratensis, Hirschmanniella gracilis. It has been established that parasitic phytohelminths reduce yield by 25-40% due to damage to rice plants.
Parasitic phytohelminths include Apnelenchoides bessiyi, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Pratylenchus pratensis, Hirschmanniella gracilis.
PROSPECTS FOR ENHANCING UZBEKISTAN’S INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS IN ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS TO THE ECONOMY
This article examines the prospects for enhancing Uzbekistan’s investment attractiveness in attracting foreign investments into the national economy. The study analyzes the role of foreign direct investments in ensuring sustainable economic growth, industrial modernization, technological development, and export expansion. In addition, the current investment climate in Uzbekistan, institutional reforms, free economic zones, infrastructure development, and digital transformation processes are investigated. The research also identifies the main factors influencing investment attractiveness and evaluates existing challenges limiting foreign capital inflows. Based on international experience and national economic priorities, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations aimed at improving the investment environment and increasing foreign investment inflows into Uzbekistan have been developed.
Foreign investments, investment attractiveness, foreign direct investment, investment climate, economic growth, institutional reforms, free economic zones, digital economy, infrastructure development, economic modernization, innovation policy, export potential.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ADVANCING POPULATION DIGITAL COMPETENCE IN THE ERA OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article examines the economic necessity of enhancing digital literacy among the population in the context of the digital economy, its impact on human capital, and its effectiveness at both macro and micro levels. The study provides a scientifically grounded analysis of how digital skills affect labor productivity, employment rates, and innovative development. Comparative analyses drawing on the experience of developed and developing countries are presented, and practical recommendations are formulated. According to the DataReportal 2025 report, internet penetration in Uzbekistan has reached 89.0%; the export volume of IT Park residents grew to USD 620 million in 2024.
Digital economy, digital literacy, human capital, innovation, labor market, employment, economic efficiency, e-government, information technologies.
THE ROLE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN DETERMINING BUSINESS VALUE
This article investigates the strategic role and significance of intangible assets in shaping corporate market value within the context of contemporary digital transformation and the knowledge economy. It analyzes the inherent limitations of conventional accounting systems in capturing the true economic worth of enterprises, which often leads to a substantial discrepancy between book value and market capitalization (market-to-book premium). Through a comparative analysis, advanced international valuation methodologies for intangibles—such as the relief-from-royalty method, multi-period excess earnings method (MEEM), and real options analysis—are examined. The findings demonstrate that the synergy between intellectual property, brand equity, and human capital acts as a critical multiplier determining long-term competitive advantage and corporate goodwill. Finally, within the framework of Uzbekistan’s transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and large-scale privatization of state assets, this paper formulates scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at improving the methodology for capitalizing intangible assets on corporate balance sheets at fair market value.
Business valuation, intangible assets, intellectual capital, brand equity, market capitalization, goodwill, valuation methodology, IFRS, real options.
NEW THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO ENSURING NATIONAL CURRENCY STABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL CURRENCIES (CBDC AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES)
The rapid digitization of the global financial architecture, characterized by the rise of decentralized cryptocurrencies and the development of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), has challenged traditional monetary equilibrium. This article examines the theoretical shifts required to maintain national currency stability in a post-fiat-only world. It explores the phenomenon of "cryptoization," the evolution of monetary transmission mechanisms, and the "Digital Currency Trilemma." The research proposes a hybrid theoretical framework that integrates algorithmic supply management with traditional interest rate targeting. By analyzing the structural differences between private digital assets and sovereign digital money, this paper provides a roadmap for central banks to navigate the volatility of the digital age while preserving monetary sovereignty.
CBDC, Cryptocurrencies, Monetary Policy, Digital Economy, Currency Stability, Financial Disintermediation, Algorithmic Stability.
ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN HERITAGE OF UZBEKISTAN AND BASIS OF ITS PRESERVATION DURING RECONSTRUCTION
In this article, the foundations of the historical formation of the repair of architectural monuments, the experience of the architectural monuments repair of the architectural scientists and repairmen of Uzbekistan, the constructive solutions of the architectural monuments, the architectural decorations used in the monuments, the repair, the technological processes of restoration, the methods and rules of preserving the structural strength of monuments are explained.
Cultural heritage, restoration, reconstruction, photography, metal, plaster, cardboard, mold, fresco, coating.
ADAPTATION TO NATURAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE STUDY AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS LOCATED IN SAMARKAND
This article highlights from a scientific point of view the study of the architecture of historical mahalla centers located in the city of Samarkand, their formation, types and place in the cultural heritage and adaptation to climatic conditions. The author explores, explores, and analyzes the historical mosques located in the centers of the neighborhoods, as well as explores the historical neighborhoods located around the Gori Amir and Ruhabad complexes. The article also examines the significance of the monuments located in the neighborhood for the local population, their significance. Currently, the issues of inclusion in the UNESCO list of internationally recognized architectural monuments, as well as the problems of their protection, are being studied separately in these quarters. The article reveals the scientific, practical and spiritual foundations of the preservation of historical heritage.
Historical district, climatic conditions, regional center, historical mosque, architecture, cultural heritage, architectural monuments, historical monuments.
LEGAL PROTECTION AND USE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS
This article examines the measures for the preservation, legal protection and use of cultural heritage objects, and their transfer to future generations in their entirety. The article studies and analyzes the opinions of historians, historians and lawyers. As a result of studying the opinions of historians and historians, practical proposals are made on the preservation of cultural heritage objects, and legal measures for the legal protection of cultural heritage objects are revealed by lawyers. As a result of this scientific research, articles, legislative acts, literature, archival information and other decisions on the legal protection of cultural heritage objects of the Republic of Uzbekistan were studied and analyzed.
Cultural heritage, monument, ensemble, monument.
THE IMPACT OF GREEN LOANS ON BANK PROFITABILITY
This article examines the importance of green loans issued by banks as one of the important directions of the transition to a green economy in Uzbekistan, the assessment of projects based on indicators related to ecology, climate change, resource scarcity, energy efficiency and security, their importance in ensuring sustainable development, and the problems associated with the compatibility of greenness with the goals of maximizing business profits and leaps in economic growth.
Green credit, ecological credit, environmentally friendly credit, low-carbon credit, sustainable development loans, green banking products, renewable energy loans, ESG financing.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEMS AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN PORT HARCOURT
The study investigated the effect of performance appraisal systems on employee productivity in private organizations in Port Harcourt. The study specifically examined how feedback mechanisms, and performance evaluation methods influence work efficiency, motivation, and overall productivity of employees. Data were collected from service employees in selected private organizations through a desk survey method. Multiple regression models was used to determine the effect of performance appraisal practices on employee productivity. The results revealed that effective performance appraisal criteria had an insignificant effect on employee productivity in private organizations in Port Harcourt, while feedback mechanisms had significant effect of employee productivity. It was recommended that private organizations should strengthen their performance appraisal practices, ensure timely and constructive feedback, and provide adequate training to support employee development. This would enhance productivity, job satisfaction, and overall organizational effectiveness in Port Harcourt.
Performance appraisal, employee productivity, private organizations, Port Harcourt.
ELECTRONIC SUPPLY MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT QUALITY OF OIL AND GAS FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
This study examined the relationship between electronic supply management (ESM) and product quality of oil and gas firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. ESM was operationalized through two key dimensions (e-sourcing and e-tendering) while product quality was assessed via product durability, product reliability, and product conformance. The study was grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory as the primary theoretical anchor. A correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised twenty (20) oil and gas firms in Rivers State, from which a census of 120 respondents was drawn. Valid responses totalled 110. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that e-sourcing has a very strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship with product quality (r = 0.844, p < 0.05). Similarly, e-tendering demonstrated a strong positive and significant relationship with product quality (r = 0.742, p < 0.05). The study concludes that electronic supply management practices significantly enhance product quality outcomes in oil and gas firms. It recommends that firms intensify investment in digital supplier identification platforms and transparent online bidding systems to sustain competitive quality standards.
Electronic Supply Management, E-Sourcing, E-Tendering, Product Quality, Dynamic Capability Theory, Oil and Gas Firms, Rivers State.
PROBLEMS OF INCREASING EXPORTS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The article examines current trends in the development of fruit and vegetable exports in the Republic of Uzbekistan and analyzes the main problems and constraints hindering the growth of the sector’s export potential. Particular attention is paid to issues of logistics, product storage, standardization, certification, and diversification of export markets. Based on the analysis, directions for improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable exports and strengthening the country’s food security are proposed.
Export, fruit and vegetable products, agricultural sector, foreign trade, agricultural export, logistics, standardization, competitiveness
PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPING FOOD EXPORTS IN UZBEKISTAN THROUGH AGROCLUSTERS
This article examines the prospects for developing food exports in Uzbekistan through the effective formation and expansion of agro-industrial clusters. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, the diversification of export-oriented agricultural production has become one of the strategic priorities of Uzbekistan’s economic policy. The study analyzes the role of agroclusters in increasing production efficiency, improving product quality, ensuring compliance with international standards, and expanding access to foreign markets.
Food exports, agro-industrial clusters, export potential, agricultural modernization, value chain integration, export competitiveness, agro-processing industry, international food markets.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING ISLAMIC FINANCE IN UZBEKISTAN: EVIDENCE, LEGAL PATHWAYS, AND MARKET DESIGN
This article analyzes the adoption of the new Law on the Implementation of Islamic Finance in Uzbekistan and the potential for implementing the Islamic financial system in Uzbekistan through this law. The analysis is based primarily on official data from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the structure of the banking sector, and international Islamic finance indicators. The analysis explores the high latent demand and potential for financial inclusion among the population, the development of a national regulatory framework that includes Sharia-compliant governance and tax incentives, and the potential for developing a sukuk market based on the experience of the existing conventional bond market.
Islamic finance, Uzbekistan financial system, shariah-compliant banking, sukuk market development, financial inclusion, green sukuk, sustainable finance, islamic capital markets, regulatory framework, shariah governance, macroeconomic reforms, banking sector development.
IMPROVING MECHANISMS FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS IN HUMAN CAPITAL BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES
This article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in improving mechanisms for attracting investments in human capital and enhancing their effectiveness. The study analyzes theoretical approaches such as the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, emphasizing the strategic importance of human capital in the digital economy. Particular attention is given to the integration of AI technologies including machine learning, predictive analytics, natural language processing, generative AI, big data analytics, and reinforcement learning into human capital management systems. Empirical evidence shows that AI significantly increases the return on investment (ROI), improves workforce productivity, and enhances talent retention.
Human capital, artificial intelligence, investment efficiency, machine learning, digital economy, workforce analytics, big data, Uzbekistan, ROI, labor market, digital skills.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CLUSTERS BASED ON ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
The article develops a methodological approach to assessing the economic efficiency of fruit and vegetable clusters based on economic-mathematical modeling. A system of efficiency indicators is proposed, including production, financial, and export parameters. An econometric model is developed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of key factors on cluster performance. The obtained results can be used in the development of strategies for the agricultural sector and the digitalization of agriculture.
Fruit and vegetable clusters, economic efficiency, economic-mathematical modeling, agricultural economics, export, digitalization.
FERGANA VALLEY CLIMATIC SUITABLE, NEW VARIETIES OF MULBERRY WELD SWORDNGAN GROWTH AND BRUISING OF SEEDLINGS VA STUDY OF LEAF FORMATION
In this scientific work, the issues of propagating promising mulberry varieties by vegetative methods, namely by bud grafting, were studied.
Mulberry tree, vegetative propagation, bud grafting, selection varieties, Yangi Andijon
THE EVOLUTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE UNITED STATES (1991–2025)
This article analyzes the formation, stages of development, and transformation processes of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States of America over the period from 1991 to 2025. The study highlights the main stages of political dialogue between the two states, regional security issues, international law, and the influence of foreign policy priorities. In addition, new formats and prospects of cooperation with the United States within the framework of the foreign policy of the “New Uzbekistan” are examined. Based on an analytical and systematic approach, the current state of Uzbekistan–U.S. relations and future development trends are identified.
Uzbekistan, USA, diplomatic relations, foreign policy, strategic partnership, international law.
THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON FINANCIAL STABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
This study examines the impact of key macroeconomic factors: inflation, real interest rate, and commodity price volatility on financial stability in Uzbekistan during 2013-2024. Financial stability is proxied by the credit-to-GDP ratio, and the analysis applies a multiple linear regression model with heteroskedasticity-robust (HC3) standard errors. Data were sourced from the World Bank, IMF, and the World Bank’s Pink Sheet Commodity Price Data. The results indicate that the real interest rate has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial stability, suggesting that tighter monetary policy enhances credit discipline and risk management. In contrast, inflation and commodity price volatility are statistically insignificant but follow the expected theoretical directions. These findings are consistent with the Central Bank of Uzbekistan’s Financial Stability Report (2024), which highlights that monetary tightening improved banking sector resilience while moderating credit growth. The study concludes that Uzbekistan’s financial stability is mainly influenced by prudent monetary policy and institutional reforms, while external vulnerabilities persist through commodity dependence. It recommends strengthening macroprudential tools, deepening financial markets, and promoting economic diversification to ensure long-term financial stability.
Financial Stability; Real Interest Rate; Inflation; Commodity Price Volatility; Credit-to-GDP Ratio.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN TEXTILE ENTERPRISES
The article provides an econometric analysis of the factors influencing the growth of labor productivity, which is an important basis for achieving economic efficiency of textile enterprises, and identifies rational parameters of enterprise development based on the prospects of these factors.
Textile industry, economic efficiency, economic growth, labor productivity, econometric analysis, multifactor econometric model, correlation-regression analysis.