BRAIN TUMOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

Abstract

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant primary brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum and is most commonly diagnosed in children, although it can also occur in adults. It belongs to the group of embryonal tumors and is characterized by rapid growth and a high tendency to spread through the cerebrospinal fluid. Advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of distinct molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, which has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Early diagnosis and multimodal treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have contributed to improved survival rates. However, treatment-related complications and long-term neurological outcomes remain major clinical challenges. This paper provides an overview of the biological characteristics, clinical presentation, and current therapeutic strategies for medulloblastoma.